Thomas h



' (No Model.) A

, T. I-I.v WATSON. HYDRAULIC JACK.

Patented 884 2 Sheetsf-Sheet 1.

INVBN'TOR:

ATTORNEYS.

(No Model.) 2 sheets-.sheet 2.

T. H.. WATSON. HYDRAULIC JACK-- No 302,070.' Patented July 15, 1884.

AWTTNTssE's: K TNVENTOR; j @QQ/ .7 6. man

X I' I ATTORNEYS;

lIO

y UNITED STATES l PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS H. TVVATSON, lOF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORTO HIMSELF ANDFRANCIS H. STILLMAN, OF SAME PLAGE.

HYDRAULIC JACK.vr

SPECIFICATION forming pa'r't of Letters Patent No. *302,070, dated Julyl5, 1El84. i

d Application filed December 2G, 1883. (No model.)

5 useful Improvements in Hydraulic Jacks, of

which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of this invention is to provide a simple and effectivehydraulic jack which may safely be worked by unskilled labor, andisconstructed for easy access to its parts for clean ing,-repair, orrenewal.Y

The invention consists in certain improvements in thepump-'cylindcr,wliereby the backthe face, against which the plunger orpiston acts, and also in improved arrangements of the valves of the ramand the pump-plunger, and also in an improved contrivance of the andrelatively with the head of the jack, whereby provision is made` foreasy, effective, and guarded action of and access to the valves; and theinvention consists, also, in various constructions and combinations ofparts -of the jack, all as hereinafter fully described and claimed. i

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part ofthis specification, in which similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the gures.

Figure l is a vertical sectional elevation of my improvedjack. Fig. 2 isa likevview, enlarged, of the lower end of the ram. Fig. 3 is 5 asectional plan view on the line l 1, Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a plan View of the lower valve-plug and valve. Fig. 5 is avertical sectional elevation of the pump plunger, drawn lto the scaleofFig.' `2. Fig. 6 is a sectional plan View on the line 2 2, Fig. 5. Fig.7 is a side elevation of the jack, with the working-lever partlybrokenaway. Fig. S is a sectional plan view of the jack; and Fig. 9 is adetail plan View of the shaft and lever-socket, with parts of the headin section. The letter A indicates the main cylinder vo the jack, whichis supported on any suitable basel3. O is the ram,which ilow passagesfor the liquid are removed from.

shaft'on which the .plunger-rod arm is lixed,

is screwed into ,the head D, .and together forming the lquidreservoir of.the jack. f

E is the pump-cylinder, made either in one piece with the ram orseparately therefrom.

If separately made, as shown, thecylinder E is fitted up into the ramwith a shouldered joint at c, to limit the rise of the cylinder E, whenthe lower valve-plug, F, is screwed into the lower end ofthe ram, apacking, Gr, being plug F is centrally bored at F', `to receive thelower valve, K, the stem K of which is re'- duced in size, as at lc, forfree passage at 7c', either way, ofthe `forcing liquid when the valve isopen. in a chambenj, of bonnet J, into which chamber vpassages j leadfrom the space in cylinder A below the ram; and the valve-plug F haspassages f1 opening into the bore F and diverging upward,to communicatewith passages e, formed in the walls ofthe pump-cylinder E, and outsideof or behind thebore of thecylinder in which the plunger L works. sagese' connect the bore of cylinderE with the passages e, f, k', j, and y",all being con- Pas- The valve-head has free play trolled by the valve K,which is normally forced upwardl by a spring, J', in chamber j, to beseated against the lower face of plug F, or against a removable seat,F2, fitted therein, as shown. I form a depression, f', in the top faceof plug F,-to establish free circulation bei forming a projection orvstud, L2, which is eX- ternally screw-threaded to receive the internallyscrew-threaded ring M, by which the packing N is held to place. The ringM also receives the externally-threaded bonnet O, chalnbered at 0 forplay of the valve I, and having passages o', opening from chamber o' tothe bore of the cylinder E. The valve I has a stem, P', which is reducedat p, forming passages p', which connect with passages Z, opening intothe bore of cylinder E above the plunger-head. A lateral passage, Z',opening into the bore I for the valve-stein I, permits free escape ofair or liquid from above the valve-stem head to facilitate free upwardplay' M N firmlyto place, also permitting theirA ready removal whenrequired. The plungerrod Q connects pivotally to the rock-arm R, whichhas preferably a square or angular f1t upon the shaft S, which carriesat its outer end a socket, T, for the workin glover U, which has aprojection, u, on one side or edge, to strike against a stud or stop, V,fixed on head D, when thejack is lifting.

To make provision for removing the shaft S, with its lever-socket T,without faking the jack apart for repacking the shaft, I make the shaftwith the round bearing portion s next the socket T, the smaller squareor angular portion s to receive and fit arm It, andthe still smaller endportion s2, parts s s being suitably journaled in the head D. This headhas a screw-plug, d, which may be removed for charging the jack with theforcing-liquid, and for access to a setscrew,1', passing through the armIt for binding it firmly to the shaft S. At the side next socket T thehead D is recessed, as at D', to afford space for the gland XV, which isthreaded into head D, and forms part of the bearing for portion s ofshaft S, which 'latter may be annularly greoved at x to receive thepacking X, which is forcedinto the groove by screwing up the gland, andserves to lock or aid in locking the shaft against endwise movement inthe head, and closely packs the shaft against escape of the'forcing-liquid; and as further and a principal means to prevent endwisemovement of the shaft S, a screw-pin, Y, is passed through the head andengages by its point an annular groove, y, in part s ol' the sha'ft, asindicated in dotted lines in Fig. S, and in full lines, Fig. 9. Anysuitable packing, Z, secures a tight loint at the base of the maincylinder A.

In operating the jaek,it is first charged with liquid, preferablyspirits, the ram being down. The lever U is placed in socket T, with itsprojection u downward, to strike against a stop, V, on the head D, tolimit the downstroke of plunger Il, and prevent its opening the passagesc while the jack is lifting by a rise of the ram caused by thereciprocations of the lever. O11 the upstroke of the lever U theplunger-valve l? will open by the weight of the liquid, which willescape through passages Z p o o to the bore of the pump-cylinder E,andon the downstroke ofthe levervalve l? will close, and theliquid willbeforced through passages f', f, l.r,j, and j to the main cylinder A, forlifting the ram with a power 'properA tionate to the areas of theplunger or piston L, and the ram. To lower the ram, the lever U isreversed in socket T, or placed with projection u upward, so that thesocket will strike the stop, and the plungerli may then be abnormallylowered until below passages c', and the bonnet O strikes the stem l andopens valve K, thereby affording free upward flow ofthe liquid, throughample passages j', j, k, f, f, c, and c above the plunger, into thehollow body of the ram, which is allowed to fall quickly, therebyeconomizing time in preparing for the next lift, and the spring J seatsvalve Ii after the rise ofthe plunger.

Some of the advantages of my invention may be named as follows: By'forming the backflow passages c behind the bore of the cylinder E,instead of along the face ofthe bore, as heretofore made, the plungerworks much more smoothly and tightly, and without cutting or tearing ofits packing, while every necessary freedom of back-flow is allowed for aquick fall ofthe ram. The ram may be lifted from the cylinder A, and iisbonnet J' and ring H Iemoved to renew the paekin g I and regri nd thevalve-seat or valve K, and plug I" may also readily be removed to renewpacking G, and when the shaft S is to be withdrawn the setscrews r andY, if either orboth are used, are loosened, and gland XV turned back,which loosens the packing X from the groove x, (if the groovefisemploycih) whereupon the shaft may be partly drawn out from the headwithout leaving its bearings, to permit socket T to be swung down clearofthe face of projection V, for carrying the plunger-head sufficientlybelow the foot of the cylinder E to permit easy access to the parts forrepair or renewal of the packing and valve N I without taking thejackapart, as formerly required.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

I. A hydraulic jack having the back-flow passages c within the wallsthereof, and lateral openings e leading from the interior to the passagec, said lateral openings being below the upper end of the piston-head inits normal stroke, whereby the back-flow of the liquid is preventeduntil the pistondiead is forced below said lateral openings,substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of the ram C, pro-vided with a pump-cylinder havingvertical passages c within ifs walls, and lateral apertures c at theupper ends of said passages opening into the pump-eylinder, with theplug F, screwing into the ram below the pump-cylinder, and provided witha valve and passages communicating with said passages c, substantiallyas set forth.

IIO

- lower end of the piston to be projected beyond 3. The combination,with the 11am C, pump.- cylinder E, and valve-plug F, of, the packing G,substantially as .shown and described. 4. The combination, ina hydraulicjack, of the ordinary reversiblel lever U, socket T, and

stoplug V, with arni R, the shaft S, journaled `in the head D, andprovided with an annular groove, y, and a screw or pin, Y,passing'fron1'the outside of the headto the said groove,

whereby when the said screw is removed the shaft may be moved laterallyand the socket allowed to pass the lug, thereby allowing the the end ofthe pump-cylinder.

5. Ahydraulic jack provided with a pulnpf cylinder and a screwvalve-plug beneath the same, in combination with the piston secured toanarm, R, shaft S, carrying said arm, and provided with an annulargroove and a screw `or pinpassing through the head into thezo groove,whereby when the screw-plug is re- Witnesses:

EDGAR TATE, ALFRED H. DAVIS.

